From Pakzee

The Azad State of Jammu and Kashmir (Urdu: اسلامی جمھوریۃ آزاد کشمیر{{#if:|

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}}), usually shortened to Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) or, simply, Azad Kashmir (literally, "free or freed Kashmir"), is the southernmost political entity of the Pakistani part of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. It borders the Indian-controlled state of Jammu and Kashmir to the east, the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan to the west, the Federally Administered Northern Areas (FANA) to the north, and the Punjab Province of Pakistan to the south. With its capital at Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir covers an area of 13,297 km² (5,134 mi²) and has an estimated population of about four million. As far as the United Nations is concerned, the entire area of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, including Azad Kashmir, remains a disputed territory still awaiting resolution of the long-standing dispute between India and Pakistan.

Azad Kashmir's financial matters, i.e., budget and tax affairs, are dealt with by the Azad Jammu and Kashmir Council, instead of by Pakistan's Central Board of Revenue. The Azad Jammu and Kashmir Council is a supreme body consisting of 11 members, six from the government of Azad Jammu and Kashmir and five from the government of Pakistan. Its chairman/chief executive is the president of Pakistan. Other members of the council are Azad Kashmir's own president and prime minister and a few other AJK ministers.

History

map of the Kashmir region

After the partition of British India in 1947, the princely states were given the option of joining either India or Pakistan. Hari Singh, the maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir, against the wishes of the people of the state, wanted his state to remain independent of both India and Pakistan. To appease the masses, he signed a stand-still agreement, which was in direct violation of the agreement that the princely states would join either India or Pakistan. <ref>http://www.indiatogether.org/peace/kashmir/intro.htm</ref> As the maharaja hesitated, calls for union with Pakistan grew, particularly within Azad Kashmir. That led to demonstrations and days of civil unrest that the maharaja tried to put down but which, instead, triggered a war. Nehru's government knew, although it never publicly admitted it, that there had been a fairly spontaneous revolt in the Jhelum valley and in other parts of what is now Azad Kashmir against the maharajah's decision to accede to India. That revolt occurred well before the arrival of the raiders from the North-West Frontier Province and the Tribal Areas. <ref>http://www.southasianmedia.net/magazine/journal/grasping_nettle.htm</ref>

Las Dana-Haji Pir Road, Bagh District, AJK

The people of Azad Kashmir are known for their strong martial spirit and have resisted invaders down through the ages, including the Sikhs, the British, and the Dogras. Leaders such as Raja Sultan Khan of Bhimber are etched into the memories of the Azad Kashmiri people, as are the famous rebellions of the Gakkhars of Mirpur and the Mangral Rajputs of Kotli. <ref>http://www.kashmiraffairs.org/interview_krishan%20dev%20sethi.html</ref> The British used Mirpur as a recruiting ground for the British Indian army.<ref>http://www.world66.com/asia/southasia/pakistan/azad_kashmir/mirpur/history/prof_suresh_chand_2</ref>

Azad Kashmir was awash with battle-hardened troops who had returned to their families after serving in the British army during the Second World War. In a series of pitched battles, the Dogra forces were practically wiped out due to the superior quality of the Azad Kashmir forces, and entire districts of Azad Kashmir such as Mirpur, Kotli, and Muzaffarabad were freed from Dogra rule. Upon hearing news of the fighting in Azad Kashmir and the plan to take the fight to Srinagar, tribal Pathan fighters from what is now known as FATA and the NWFP came to help their brethren. Having no need to head into Azad Kashmir, the tribal armies entered the Kashmir valley along with a few Pakistani officers to oversee operations. Upon their arrival in the valley, they were met by Indian troops already there. Contrary to the popular belief that once the raiders had arrived that Indian troops were then flown in after the invasion, Alistair Lamb, the author of a series of books on Kashmir, has uncovered evidence based on declassified military papers that India had Patalia gunners at the Sringar airport by October 17, 1947, and has scoffed at the Indian apologists who said that India’s invasion of Kashmir was a triumph of improvisation. Instead, he states that India had troops mobilized for an invasion of Kashmir by October 25th, meaning that the Indian army was in Kashmir in advance of the the maharaja's decision. With the Indian army already in Kashmir, it is obvious why the maharaja would hand over his state to India. Because of the injustice displayed by India, the treaty of accession, even if it were signed, would be null and void. The Indian troops managed to push the irregular forces back but were then engaged by the Pakistani army. Fighting continued, and the front managed to stabilise at points near what is known today as the Line of Control. However, Pakistani forces held a great deal of the higher ground and key points, and the Indian armed forces were spread dangerously thin and were running short of supplies. The battle of Beri Pattan illustrates just how precarious the position of the Indian armed forces was among a hostile population. <ref>http://www.pakdef.info/pakmilitary/army/war/1948war.html</ref>

As that point, Nehru, the prime minister of India, went to the U.N. for a ceasefire which was agreed to by Pakistan on the basis of Nehru’s great promise to the Kashmiri people that has never been fulfilled. That was the promise of a referendum or plebiscite, i.e., that the people of Kashmir have the right to self-determination. When it signed the ceasefire in 1948, India promised to offer Kashmiris a plebiscite where they could decide whether to join India or Pakistan. In his own words on October 31, 1947, Nehru wired Liaquat Ali Khan that his promise "is not merely a pledge to your government but also to the people of Kashmir and to the world". On November 2nd and 3rd, he used the words "referendum under U.N. auspices." <ref>http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl2120/stories/20041008000307600.htm</ref>

The matter was brought up in the U.N., and resolutions were passed to hold a plebiscite with regard to Kashmir's future. Neither Pakistan nor India have undertaken plebiscites in their respective areas of control in Kashmir. A legal requirement for the holding of the plebiscite was the withdrawal of the Indian and Pakistani armies from the parts of Kashmir that were under their respective control. A cease-fire line separating the Indian- and Pakistani-controlled parts of Kashmir was put into effect in 1949.

A copy of the cease-fire order can be seen here: <ref>http://www.indianembassy.org/policy/Kashmir/uncip(s1100).htm</ref>

The Line of Control has remained unchanged since 1972. <ref>http://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/missions/unmogip/</ref>

The northern and western parts of Kashmir were subsequently divided by Pakistan into the following two political entities:

1. Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) - the narrow southern part, 250 miles (400 km) long, with a width varying from 10 to 40 miles (15 to 65 km).
2. Federally Administered Northern Areas (FANA) - the much larger area to the north of AJK, 72,496 km² (27,991 mi² ), directly administered by Pakistan as a de facto dependent territory, i.e., a non-self-governing territory.

An area of Kashmir that is no longer under Pakistani control is the trans-Karakoram tract - a small region along the northeastern border of the Northern Areas that was ceded by Pakistan to the People's Republic of China in 1963 and which now forms part of China's Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang.

Government

Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) is a self-governing state under Pakistani control. It has its own elected president, prime minister, legislature, high court, and official flag. The state is divided into two administrative divisions which, in turn, are composed of a total of eight districts.

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Demographics

Like Pakistan, Azad Kashmir is predominantly Muslim. The majority of the population is culturally, linguistically, and ethnically related to the people of northern Punjab. The population of Azad Kashmir includes the following tribes:

Languages

Urdu is the national language of Azad Kashmir but is only spoken by a minority. The dominant language spoken in AJK is Pahari. It is very similar to Pothwari and Hindko.

Geography

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Categorisation

When this template is used in main (article) space it places the article in Category:Articles to be expanded or in a dated category like Category:Articles to be expanded from August 2010 if the date parameter "date=August 2010" is specified. It also places the article in Category:All articles to be expanded.

Redirects

The following names redirect here and can be used as alternative names for this template:

• {{expandsect}}
• {{section expansion request}}
• {{expandsection}}
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• {{expandsectionsmall}}
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See also

• {{expand}} – The corresponding box to be placed at the top of pages.ar:قالب:بذرة مقطع

bg:Шаблон:Раздел-мъниче cs:Šablona:Pahýl část ko:틀:부분 토막글 os:Шаблон:Section-stub it:Template:S sezione ja:Template:節stub no:Mal:Seksjonstubb pl:Szablon:Sekcja stub ro:Format:Extinde-secţiune ru:Шаблон:Expand fi:Malline:Tynkä/osa sv:Mall:Stubavsnitt vi:Tiêu bản:Phần sơ khai tr:Şablon:Başlık genişlet uk:Шаблон:Section stub zh:Template:Sectstub

Azad Kashmir has some very scenic mountains and river valleys.

Economy

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This is the {{Expand section}} message box.

It can be placed at the top of article sections that need expansion, below the section title. It can also be used on other pages such as in "Wikipedia:" space. (Although this template currently only uses the "article message box" style, but that is a bug we are going to fix.)

This template can be used without any parameters, like this:

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It can also take the current month and year as a parameter, which is used in categorising the page into a corresponding category. (See more on that below.) Like this:

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There are bots that edit the pages and add the date parameter if you forget to do it. The date parameter causes no visible change in the message box itself, it only makes the page categorise properly.

This template can also take an unnamed parameter with an explanation of what expansion the section needs. And you can of course feed the date parameter at the same time. Like this:

{{{{#if:Expand section|Expand section| tlc|...}}{{#ifeq:examples and additional citations|examples and additional citations| |examples and additional citations | }}{{#ifeq:date=August 2010|date=August 2010| |date=August 2010 | }}{{#ifeq:x|| |{{{4}}} | }}{{#ifeq:x|| |{{{5}}} | }}{{#ifeq:x|| |{{{6}}} | }}{{#ifeq:x|| |{{{7}}} | }}{{#ifeq:x|| |{{{8}}} | }}{{#ifeq:x|| |{{{9}}} | }}}}

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|{{#if:August 2010
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   ||}}
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| | }}

Categorisation

When this template is used in main (article) space it places the article in Category:Articles to be expanded or in a dated category like Category:Articles to be expanded from August 2010 if the date parameter "date=August 2010" is specified. It also places the article in Category:All articles to be expanded.

Redirects

The following names redirect here and can be used as alternative names for this template:

• {{expandsect}}
• {{section expansion request}}
• {{expandsection}}
• {{section-expand}}
• {{expand-sect}}
• {{expandsectionsmall}}
• {{expand-section}}
• {{sectexpand}}
• {{sect-expand}}
• {{section stub}}
• {{section-stub}}
• {{sect-stub}}
• {{sectstub}}
• {{xstub}}

See also

• {{expand}} – The corresponding box to be placed at the top of pages.ar:قالب:بذرة مقطع

bg:Шаблон:Раздел-мъниче cs:Šablona:Pahýl část ko:틀:부분 토막글 os:Шаблон:Section-stub it:Template:S sezione ja:Template:節stub no:Mal:Seksjonstubb pl:Szablon:Sekcja stub ro:Format:Extinde-secţiune ru:Шаблон:Expand fi:Malline:Tynkä/osa sv:Mall:Stubavsnitt vi:Tiêu bản:Phần sơ khai tr:Şablon:Başlık genişlet uk:Шаблон:Section stub zh:Template:Sectstub

In the latter part of 2006, billions of dollars for development were mooted by international aid agencies for the reconstruction and rehabilitation of earthquake-hit zones in Azad Kashmir, though much of those funds have been lost in bureaucratic channels, leading to delay in help reaching the most needy, and hundreds of people are still living in tents.<ref>Rs1.25 trillion to be spent in Azad Kashmir: Reconstruction in quake-hit zone - Dawn Pakistan</ref> A land-use plan for Muzaffarabad city was prepared by the Japan International Cooperation Agency.

Gallery

Bkh sherudhara1.jpg Sheru Dhara, Bagh AJK	Toli pir rawalakot 1.jpg Toli pir 1	Banjosa Rawalakot	Kotli Azad Kashmir
Kotli District.JPG Kotli District Azad Kashmir	Mirpur Mangla Dam.JPG Mangla Dam, next to Mirpur City, Azad Kashmir	Village in Sarsawa Valley.JPG Village in Sarsawa Valley, Azad Kashmir	Typical Homes in Mirpur.JPG Typical Homes in Mirpur
Toli pir rawalakot 6.jpg Toli pir 6	Rw005.JPG Rawalakot Valley	Banjosa Rest House and Lake	Rawalakot Bazaar
Abc bagh cityview1.jpg Bagh City View

See also

• 2005 Kashmir earthquake
• Indian Kashmir barrier
• Indo-Pakistan Wars
• Kashmiriyat
• Kashmir conflict
• Line of Control
• Pakistan-administered Kashmir

References

<references />

External links

• Government of Azad Kashmir
• Tourism site for Azad Kashmir
• {{#switch:

|#default=Azad Jammu and Kashmir at the Open Directory Project |user=Azad Jammu and Kashmir at the Open Directory Project }}

• Azad Kashmir travel guide from Wikitravel
• tour guide photo gallery maps of Azad Kashmir
• [http://www.imkashmiri.com/ imkashmiri.com

1. REDIRECT Template:Subdivisions of Pakistan

Template:Administrative divisions of Azad Kashmir